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マイナー外科・救急

【診療Tips】手外科領域の略語

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レジデント
手外科って略語が多いですよね…なんか覚えられないんですよね...
確かに最初はとっつきづらくて、手外科のハードルを上げている1つの要素だね。慣れると、日本語（例：長母指伸筋）で言う方がよっぽど難しいので、英略語（例：EPL）で覚えていくが楽だよ。
指導医

 

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筋腱

 

(a) 伸筋腱

1st compartment

  • APL（abductor pollicis longus） 長母指外転筋
  • EPB （extensor pollicis brevis） 短母指伸筋

2nd compartment

  • ECRB （extensor carpi radialis brevis） 短橈側手根伸筋
  • ECRL （extensor carpi radialis longus） 長橈側手根伸筋

3rd compartment

  • EPL （extensor pollicis longus） 長母指伸筋

4th compartment

  • EIP （extensor indicis proprius） 固有示指伸筋
  • EDC （extensor digitorum communis） 総指伸筋

5th compartment

  • EDM （extensor digiti minimi） 小指伸筋

6th compartment

  • ECU （extensor carpi ulnaris） 尺側手根伸筋
Eは伸、Lは長、Bは短、Rは橈、Uは尺だね。
指導医

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(b) 屈筋腱

  • FDS （flexor digitorum superficialis） 浅指屈筋
  • FDP （flexor digitorum profundus） 深指屈筋
  • FPL （flexor pollicis longus） 長母指屈筋
  • FCR （flexor carpi radialis） 橈側手根屈筋
  • FCU （flexor carpi ulnaris） 尺側手根屈筋
  • PL （palmaris longus） 長掌筋
  • PT （pronator teres） 円回内筋
  • PQ （pronator quadratus） 方形回内筋
  • BR （brachioradialis） 腕橈骨筋
Fは屈、Rは橈、Uは尺だね。
指導医

 

 

(c) 母指球筋

  • APB （abductor pollicis brevis） 短母指外転筋
  • AdP （adductor pollicis） 母指内転筋
  • OP （opponens pollicis） 母指対立筋
  • FPB（flexor pollicis brevis）短母指屈筋
この中では、APBが特に重要だね。多指症の手術で余剰指から剥離して残す指に移行して再建するよ。あと正中神経損傷でAPBが麻痺すると母指の対立障害がおきるよ。
指導医

 

 

(d) 小指球筋

  • FDM （flexor digiti minimi brevis） 短小指屈筋
  • ODM （opponens digiti minimi） 小指対立筋
  • ADM （abductor digiti minimi） 小指外転筋
  • PB （palmaris brevis） 短掌筋

 

 

関節

  • DIPJ （distal interphalangeal joint） 遠位指節間関節
  • PIPJ （proximal interphalangeal joint） 近位指節間関節
  • MCPJ （metacarpophalangeal joint） 中手指節関節
  • IPJ （interphalangeal joint） 指節間感染津
  • CMJ （carpometacarpal joint）手根中手関節

 

  • DRUJ （distal radioulnar joint） 遠位橈尺関節
  • PRUJ （proximal radioulnar joint） 近位橈尺関節

 

検査

  • ROM （range of motion） 可動域
  • TAM （total active motion） 総自動運動域
  • TPD （tip-palm distance） 指尖手掌距離
  • MMT （manual muscle testing） 徒手筋力テスト
  • 2PD （two-point discrimination） 二点識別
  • DASH （disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand）上肢障害評価表
  • MCV （motor nerve conduction velocity） 運動神経伝導速度
  • SCV （sensory nerve conduction velocity）感覚神経伝導速度

 

その他

  • CTS （carpal tunnel syndrome） 手根管症候群
  • CPM （continuous passive motion） 持続的他動運動
  • CRPS （complex regional pain syndrome） 複合性局所疼痛症候群
  • TFCC （triangular fibrocartilage complex） 三角線維軟骨複合体
  • DISI （dorsal intercalated segment instability） 近位手根列背側回転型手根不安定症
  • VISI （volar intercalated segment instability） 近位手根列掌側回転型手根不安定症

 

参考文献

・日手会用語集　改訂第４版の序　日本手外科学会

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  • B!