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マイナー外科・救急

【診療Tips】手外科領域の略語

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レジデント
手外科って略語が多いですよね…なんか覚えられないんですよね...
確かに最初はとっつきづらくて、手外科へのハードルを上げている一因だね。でも慣れてくると、日本語（例：長母指伸筋）で言う方がよっぽど難しいので、英略語（例：EPL）で覚えていく方が楽だよ。
指導医

 

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筋腱

 

(a) 伸筋腱

1st compartment

  • APL（abductor pollicis longus）：長母指外転筋

  • EPB（extensor pollicis brevis）：短母指伸筋

2nd compartment

  • ECRB（extensor carpi radialis brevis）：短橈側手根伸筋

  • ECRL（extensor carpi radialis longus）：長橈側手根伸筋

3rd compartment

  • EPL（extensor pollicis longus）：長母指伸筋

4th compartment

  • EIP（extensor indicis proprius）：固有示指伸筋

  • EDC（extensor digitorum communis）：総指伸筋

5th compartment

  • EDM（extensor digiti minimi）：小指伸筋

6th compartment

  • ECU（extensor carpi ulnaris）：尺側手根伸筋

Eは「伸」、Lは「長」、Bは「短」、Rは「橈」、Uは「尺」だね。
指導医

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(b) 屈筋腱

  • FDS（flexor digitorum superficialis）：浅指屈筋

  • FDP（flexor digitorum profundus）：深指屈筋

  • FPL（flexor pollicis longus）：長母指屈筋

  • FCR（flexor carpi radialis）：橈側手根屈筋

  • FCU（flexor carpi ulnaris）：尺側手根屈筋

  • PL（palmaris longus）：長掌筋

  • PT（pronator teres）：円回内筋

  • PQ（pronator quadratus）：方形回内筋

  • BR（brachioradialis）：腕橈骨筋

Fは「屈」、Rは「橈」、Uは「尺」だね。
指導医

 

 

(c) 母指球筋

  • APB（abductor pollicis brevis）：短母指外転筋

  • AdP（adductor pollicis）：母指内転筋

  • OP（opponens pollicis）：母指対立筋

  • FPB（flexor pollicis brevis）：短母指屈筋

この中ではAPBが特に重要だね。多指症の手術で、余剰指から剥離して残す指に移行して再建するよ。また、正中神経損傷でAPBが麻痺すると、母指の対立障害が起こるんだ。
指導医

 

 

(d) 小指球筋

  • FDM（flexor digiti minimi brevis）：短小指屈筋

  • ODM（opponens digiti minimi）：小指対立筋

  • ADM（abductor digiti minimi）：小指外転筋

  • PB（palmaris brevis）：短掌筋

 

 

関節

  • DIPJ（distal interphalangeal joint）：遠位指節間関節

  • PIPJ（proximal interphalangeal joint）：近位指節間関節

  • MCPJ（metacarpophalangeal joint）：中手指節関節

  • IPJ（interphalangeal joint）：指節間関節

  • CMJ（carpometacarpal joint）：手根中手関節

  • DRUJ（distal radioulnar joint）：遠位橈尺関節

  • PRUJ（proximal radioulnar joint）：近位橈尺関節

 

 

検査

  • ROM（range of motion）：可動域

  • TAM（total active motion）：総自動運動域

  • TPD（tip-palm distance）：指尖手掌距離

  • MMT（manual muscle testing）：徒手筋力テスト

  • 2PD（two-point discrimination）：二点識別

  • DASH（disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand）：上肢障害評価表

  • MCV（motor nerve conduction velocity）：運動神経伝導速度

  • SCV（sensory nerve conduction velocity）：感覚神経伝導速度

 

 

その他

  • CTS（carpal tunnel syndrome）：手根管症候群

  • CPM（continuous passive motion）：持続的他動運動

  • CRPS（complex regional pain syndrome）：複合性局所疼痛症候群

  • TFCC（triangular fibrocartilage complex）：三角線維軟骨複合体

  • DISI（dorsal intercalated segment instability）：近位手根列背側回転型手根不安定症

  • VISI（volar intercalated segment instability）：近位手根列掌側回転型手根不安定症

 

 

参考文献

・日本手外科学会編. 日手会用語集 改訂第4版. 日本手外科学会.

 
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  • B!