hand surgery

【診療Tips】手外科領域の略語

resident
手外科って略語が多いですよね…なんか覚えられないんですよね...
確かに最初はとっつきづらくて、手外科のハードルを上げている1つの要素だね。慣れると、日本語(例:長母指伸筋)で言う方がよっぽど難しいので、英略語(例:EPL)で覚えていくが楽だよ。
medical advisor

 

 

 

筋腱

 

(a) 伸筋腱

1st compartment

  • APLabductor pollicis longus) 長母指外転筋
  • EPB (extensor pollicis brevis) 短母指伸筋

2nd compartment

  • ECRB (extensor carpi radialis brevis) 短橈側手根伸筋
  • ECRL (extensor carpi radialis longus) 長橈側手根伸筋

3rd compartment

  • EPL (extensor pollicis longus) 長母指伸筋

4th compartment

  • EIP (extensor indicis proprius) 固有示指伸筋
  • EDC (extensor digitorum communis) 総指伸筋

5th compartment

  • EDM (extensor digiti minimi) 小指伸筋

6th compartment

  • ECU (extensor carpi ulnaris) 尺側手根伸筋
Eは伸、Lは長、Bは短、Rは橈、Uは尺だね。
medical advisor

 

 

(b) 屈筋腱

  • FDS (flexor digitorum superficialis) 浅指屈筋
  • FDP (flexor digitorum profundus) 深指屈筋
  • FPL (flexor pollicis longus) 長母指屈筋
  • FCR (flexor carpi radialis) 橈側手根屈筋
  • FCU (flexor carpi ulnaris) 尺側手根屈筋
  • PL (palmaris longus) 長掌筋
  • PT (pronator teres) 円回内筋
  • PQ (pronator quadratus) 方形回内筋
  • BR (brachioradialis) 腕橈骨筋
Fは屈、Rは橈、Uは尺だね。
medical advisor

 

 

(c) 母指球筋

  • APB (abductor pollicis brevis) 短母指外転筋
  • AdP (adductor pollicis) 母指内転筋
  • OP (opponens pollicis) 母指対立筋
  • FPB(flexor pollicis brevis)短母指屈筋
この中では、APBが特に重要だね。多指症の手術で余剰指から剥離して残す指に移行して再建するよ。あと正中神経損傷でAPBが麻痺すると母指の対立障害がおきるよ。
medical advisor

 

 

(d) 小指球筋

  • FDM (flexor digiti minimi brevis) 短小指屈筋
  • ODM (opponens digiti minimi) 小指対立筋
  • ADM (abductor digiti minimi) 小指外転筋
  • PB (palmaris brevis) 短掌筋

 

 

関節

  • DIPJ (distal interphalangeal joint) 遠位指節間関節
  • PIPJ (proximal interphalangeal joint) 近位指節間関節
  • MCPJ (metacarpophalangeal joint) 中手指節関節
  • IPJ (interphalangeal joint) 指節間感染津
  • CMJ (carpometacarpal joint)手根中手関節

 

  • DRUJ (distal radioulnar joint) 遠位橈尺関節
  • PRUJ (proximal radioulnar joint) 近位橈尺関節

 

検査

  • ROM (range of motion) 可動域
  • TAM (total active motion) 総自動運動域
  • TPD (tip-palm distance) 指尖手掌距離
  • MMT (manual muscle testing) 徒手筋力テスト
  • 2PD (two-point discrimination) 二点識別
  • DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand)上肢障害評価表
  • MCV (motor nerve conduction velocity) 運動神経伝導速度
  • SCV (sensory nerve conduction velocity)感覚神経伝導速度

 

Other

  • CTS (carpal tunnel syndrome) 手根管症候群
  • CPM (continuous passive motion) 持続的他動運動
  • CRPS (complex regional pain syndrome) 複合性局所疼痛症候群
  • TFCC (triangular fibrocartilage complex) 三角線維軟骨複合体
  • DISI (dorsal intercalated segment instability) 近位手根列背側回転型手根不安定症
  • VISI (volar intercalated segment instability) 近位手根列掌側回転型手根不安定症

 

参考文献

日手会用語集 改訂第4版の序 日本手外科学会

  • This article was written by.
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Shimpei Ono (Plastic Surgeon)

Associate Professor, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nippon Medical School. He specializes in hand and foot plastic surgery, microsurgery, and reconstructive surgery, and is involved in clinical practice, research, and education. His research interests include the development of movable prosthetic fingers, VR education, application of 3D ultrasound and medical imaging engineering, and emphasis on PROs. He also has an interest in art anatomy and medical illustration, and lectures and writes about the fusion of art and medicine. In his educational activities, in addition to teaching students and residents, he is also involved in international medical exchange and disaster medicine as the director of the Association for Southeast Asian Medical Research (Ajiken).

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